Quantum Field Theory and Christian Theology: Metaphors of the Quantum Vacuum, Fields, and Entanglement for Creatio ex Nihilo, the Holy Spirit, and Trinitarian Perichoresis
Abstract Quantum Field Theory (QFT) , the core framework of modern physics, offers rich descriptive resources to elucidate central concepts in Christian theology. This article systematically integrates key characteristics of QFT—quantum vacuum fluctuations, the primacy of fields, gauge symmetry, quantum entanglement, and the renormalization process—and parallels them with the doctrines of creation ( creatio ex nihilo ), pneumatology (the doctrine of the Holy Spirit), the perichoresis of the Trinity, and God’s eternal order. The analysis emphasizes the complementary relationship between the descriptive nature of physical phenomena and the normative character of theological concepts, aiming to enrich evangelical theological reflection within a contemporary scientific context. Through concise comparison tables and academic illustrations, the article demonstrates how QFT, characterized as "a collective ocean governed by rules," can inspire a deeper understanding of a God who is ...